The Macedonian dynasty of Egypt is a period of Egyptian history that encompasses the reign of Alexander the Great and his immediate successors, Philip III et Alexander IV. This transition period was marked by the emergence of Hellenistic influence in Egypt and the end of the period of the native pharaohs.
Alexander the Great and the conquest of Egypt
Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia, conquered Egypt in 332 BC, overthrowing the Persian power that reigned there. The Egyptians welcomed Alexander as a liberator, and he quickly adopted the role of pharaoh, having himself crowned in the city of Memphis. During his short stay in Egypt, Alexander founded the city of Alexandria, which would later become a major cultural and economic center.
Philip III: an ephemeral reign
After the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC, his half-brother, Philip III, became king of Macedon and co-regent of the empire. However, Philip III was considered weak-minded and was used as a pawn by various generals and members of the court in their struggles for power. He had no direct influence on Egypt, and his reign was short-lived, as he was assassinated in 317 BC.
Alexander IV: an heir in danger
Alexander IV, the posthumous son of Alexander the Great and his wife Roxane, was born after his father's death. Nevertheless, he was proclaimed king and co-regent with Philip III. However, the young king never wielded real power and was placed under the tutelage of various generals and advisers. In 309 BC, Alexander IV was assassinated at the age of 13 by Cassander, a Macedonian general and one of the Diadochi, the successors of Alexander the Great.
📋 LIST OF EGYPTIAN SOVEREIGNS 📋
Hotepsekhemwey / Sneferka / Nebra / ninetjer / Senedj / Noubnefer / Horus Ba / Peribsen / Sekhemib / Khasekhemwy / Neferkasokar / | |||
Djoser / Sanakht / Sekhemkhet / Spoon / Huni | |||
Sekhemre-Khutaouy Amenemhat-/Sobekhotep I/Sekhemkare Amenemhat-Senbef/Sekhemkare Amenemhat V/Ameny-Qemaou/Hotepibre Qémaou-Sa-Hornejhéritef/Ioufeni/Séânkhibrê Amény-Antef-Amenemhat (or Amenemhat VI)/Semenkarê Nebnoun/Sehotepibrê Sousekhtaouy | |||
Sekhaenre Yakbim/Nebuuserre Yaammou/Khauserre Qareh | |||
Semqen/Aper-Anat/Sakir-Har/Khyan/Apophis I/Apophis II?/Khamoudy | |||
/Sekhemre-Sementaouy Djehouty/Sekhemre-Sousertaouy Sobekhotep VIII | |||
Twenty-first dynasty | |||
Twenty-second dynasty | |||
Twenty-third dynasty | |||
Twenty-fourth dynasty | |||
1st Persian Dynasty | |||
Thirty-first dynasty (Achaemenid) | 2nd Persian Dynasty | ||