The 2890nd Dynasty of Egypt spanned approximately 2686 to XNUMX BC, succeeding the XNUMXst Dynasty which marked the birth of the unified Egyptian state. This period, although less known and documented than some other dynasties, was marked by significant changes in Egyptian politics, religion and culture.
Notable XNUMXnd Dynasty Pharaohs
The Second Dynasty saw several pharaohs, some of whom played an important role in the evolution of ancient Egypt:
- Hotepsekhemwey : First pharaoh of the XNUMXnd dynasty, he is credited with reuniting Egypt after a period of turmoil and division following the death of the last pharaoh of the XNUMXst dynasty, Qâ. Its name means “The two powers are appeased”, referring to the gods Horus et Seth.
- Neferkare: Known to have reigned for about 25 years, he is said to have been a benevolent ruler and a great builder, as evidenced by the remains of his burial complex at Saqqara.
Evolution of religion and funerary practices
The XNUMXnd Dynasty witnessed major developments in Egyptian religion. worship of the sun god Ra gradually imposed itself, prefiguring the growing importance of this god during the following dynasties. At the same time, funeral rituals also evolved, with a growing interest in building elaborate burial complexes and preserving the body of the deceased for eternity.
The end of the Second Dynasty and the transition to the Third Dynasty
The end of the XNUMXnd dynasty was marked by tensions and uncertainties, especially due to the rivalries between the different factions of Egyptian power. Some pharaohs, such as Sekhemib et Pepi, tried to restore order and consolidate their power, but the situation remained unstable.
Finally, the transition to the Third Dynasty took place under the aegis of Djoser, a pharaoh who succeeded in reunifying Egypt and ushering in a new era of prosperity and stability, known as the Old Kingdom.
List of Pharaohs of the XNUMXnd Dynasty:
Hotepsekhemwey / Sneferka / Nebra / ninetjer / Senedj / Noubnefer / Horus Ba / Peribsen / Sekhemib / Khasekhemwy / Neferkasokar /
📋 LIST OF EGYPTIAN SOVEREIGNS 📋
Hotepsekhemwey / Sneferka / Nebra / ninetjer / Senedj / Noubnefer / Horus Ba / Peribsen / Sekhemib / Khasekhemwy / Neferkasokar / | |||
Djoser / Sanakht / Sekhemkhet / Spoon / Huni | |||
Sekhemre-Khutaouy Amenemhat-/Sobekhotep I/Sekhemkare Amenemhat-Senbef/Sekhemkare Amenemhat V/Ameny-Qemaou/Hotepibre Qémaou-Sa-Hornejhéritef/Ioufeni/Séânkhibrê Amény-Antef-Amenemhat (or Amenemhat VI)/Semenkarê Nebnoun/Sehotepibrê Sousekhtaouy | |||
Sekhaenre Yakbim/Nebuuserre Yaammou/Khauserre Qareh | |||
Semqen/Aper-Anat/Sakir-Har/Khyan/Apophis I/Apophis II?/Khamoudy | |||
/Sekhemre-Sementaouy Djehouty/Sekhemre-Sousertaouy Sobekhotep VIII | |||
Twenty-first dynasty | |||
Twenty-second dynasty | |||
Twenty-third dynasty | |||
Twenty-fourth dynasty | |||
1st Persian Dynasty | |||
Thirty-first dynasty (Achaemenid) | 2nd Persian Dynasty | ||