The Pyramid of Amenemhat I, also known as the Pyramid of Licht, was built around 1985-1956 BC. BC, during the reign of the pharaoh Amenemhat I. This one founded the XIIth Egyptian dynasty and reigned during nearly 30 years. The construction of this pyramid marks a turning point in Egyptian architecture, as it represents the beginning of the Middle Kingdom and the revival of the tradition of royal pyramids after a period of decline.
The evolution of the architecture of the pyramids
The structure of the pyramid
The pyramid of Amenemhat I stands out from the pyramids ofOld Kingdom by its structure and architectural design. It is about 55 meters in height and is built with a core of limestone blocks covered with top quality stones. The pyramid has a gentler slope than those of the Old Kingdom, with an angle of inclination of approximately 54 degrees.
Architectural innovations
One of the major innovations of this pyramid is the use of a security system to protect the pharaoh's burial chamber. The chamber is accessed through a long, sloping corridor, and a system of massive granite sliding doors has been installed to prevent looters from accessing the royal sarcophagus. Although the tomb was eventually looted, these security measures likely delayed the defilers for some time.
The funerary complex: an illustration of funerary and religious practices
The funerary temple
The mortuary temple is located to the east of the pyramid and was an essential part of the complex. It was intended to honor the deceased pharaoh and to offer him offerings for the afterlife. This temple had several rooms, including an offering room and a sanctuary where there was a statue of the pharaoh. The walls were richly decorated with reliefs and paintings depicting scenes from daily life and religious rituals.
The roadway and ancillary structures
The causeway connected the funerary temple to a temple located at the bottom of the pyramid, near the Nile. This valley temple was also used for religious ceremonies. Ancillary structures, such as stores and workshops, were built around the complex to support activities related to the worship of the late pharaoh.
The importance of the pyramid of Amenemhat I in Egyptian history
The Pyramid of Amenemhat I is a key monument in Egyptian history due to its role in the revival of the pyramid tradition and its impact on the evolution of Egyptian architecture. It also testifies to the power and stability of the twelfth dynasty Egyptian society, which succeeded in restoring order and prosperity after a period of political and social fragmentation.
The pyramid of Amenemhat I and the XIIth dynasty
Under Amenemhat I and his successors, the twelfth dynasty developed a centralized administration and strengthened the Egyptian economy by undertaking large construction projects, such as the Licht Pyramid, and by promoting trade with neighboring regions. The Twelfth Dynasty was also marked by a cultural renaissance, with a renewed interest in the arts and literature.
The pyramid ofAmenemhat I is a symbol of this period of renewal and prosperity. It inspired the construction of similar pyramids for subsequent pharaohs of the Twelfth Dynasty, such as Sesostris I, Senusret II et Amenemhat III.
Excavations and study of the pyramid of Amenemhat I
The excavations carried out at Licht have revealed many artifacts and architectural elements that have given researchers a better understanding of the Egyptian society and culture of the Twelfth Dynasty. Notable finds include statues, inscriptions and fragments of wall decorations that provide valuable insight into religious practices, artistic techniques and beliefs of the time.
Average temperatures and climate
Month | (° C) | (° F) | Weather | Climate |
---|---|---|---|---|
January | 14 | 57 | ☀️ | Sec |
February | 15 | 59 | ☀️ | Sec |
Mars | 19 | 66 | ☀️ | Sec |
April | 23 | 73 | ☀️ | Sec |
May | 27 | 81 | ☀️ | Sec |
June | 30 | 86 | ☀️ | Sec |
July | 32 | 90 | ☀️ | Sec |
August | 32 | 90 | ☀️ | Sec |
September | 29 | 84 | ☀️ | Sec |
October | 25 | 77 | ☀️ | Sec |
November | 20 | 68 | ☀️ | Sec |
December | 16 | 61 | ☀️ | Sec |
Schedules and info
- Opening hours: 8:00 a.m. to 17:00 p.m. (times may vary depending on the season)
- Entrance fee: 80 EGP
- Average price for a guide: 150-250 EGP
Other pyramids
List of Egyptian Pyramids |
Lower Egypt |
Upper Egypt |