The Thinite Period, extending from approximately 3100 to 2686 BC. J. - C., marks the beginnings of the Egyptian civilization, with the formation of the first centralized States and the emergence of the first dynasties. This period takes its name from the city of Thinis, located in the region of Abydos, which would have been the capital of these first dynasties.
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Political context and dynasties
The Thinite Period encompasses the XNUMXst and XNUMXnd Dynasties of Egypt. During this era, the pharaohs succeeded in unifying Upper and Lower Egypt, thus laying the foundations of the Egyptian state. Notable pharaohs of this period include Narmer, considered the founder of the First Dynasty, as well as Hor-Aha, Djer and Den.
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Administration and society
The early Thinite pharaohs established a centralized administration to govern Egypt. Society was hierarchical, with the pharaoh at the head, followed by his courtiers, officials and priests. Commoners and peasants formed the basis of Egyptian society.
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Art and culture
The art of the Thinite Period was mainly funerary, with tombs and objects intended to accompany the deceased in the afterlife. Artists of this time developed a style that would serve as the basis for subsequent periods of Egyptian art. Votive palettes, such as the famous Narmer Palette, are outstanding examples.
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Religion and beliefs
Religion was central to daily life during the Thinite Period. The pharaohs were considered living gods and were believed to ensure the prosperity and stability of the country. The cult of Osiris, the god of resurrection and life after death, was particularly important at this time.
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Archeology and discoveries
Archaeologists have discovered traces of this period mainly in Abydos, where the tombs of the first Thinite pharaohs are found. The excavations carried out in this region have revealed funerary objects, inscriptions and monuments which bear witness to the richness and complexity of this period.
The Thinite Period is a crucial stage in the evolution of Egyptian civilization, marking the transition between prehistoric cultures and the centralized Egyptian state. The Thinite pharaohs laid the foundations of government and administration, and laid the foundations of the art, religion, and culture that would characterize ancient Egypt for millennia.