The funerary temple of Mentuhotep II, located at Deir el Bahari on the west bank of the Nile, near Thebes, is a key monument of ancient Egypt. Mentuhotep II was a pharaoh of the 11th dynasty who reigned during the Middle Kingdom. Its mortuary temple is an outstanding example of Egyptian architecture of this period, combining elements of local tradition and influences from other regions.
Architecture and design of the temple
Planning and layout
The temple of Mentuhotep II stands out for its innovative architecture and unique design. The temple is built on several levels, with terraces and ramps leading to different sacred and funerary spaces. The design of the temple reflects the changes in religious beliefs and practices that took place during the Middle Kingdom, marking an important turning point in the history of ancient Egypt.
Distinctive architectural elements
The architecture of the temple of Mentuhotep II is characterized by the use of columns and pillars to support the structures, as well as the use of local stone for construction. Distinctive architectural elements of the temple include the porticos and colonnades, which create a play of light and shadow inside the temple, as well as the chapels and shrines dedicated to the various deities.
Temple art and decorations
Bas-reliefs and wall paintings
The decorations of the temple of Mentuhotep II testify to the richness and diversity of Egyptian art of the time. The bas-reliefs and murals depict scenes from daily life, religious ceremonies and exploits of the pharaoh. These works of art offer valuable insight into Egyptian society and the beliefs of the time.
Statues and artistic objects
The temple also houses several statues of the pharaoh Mentuhotep II and members of his family, as well as other artistic objects such as stelae and amulets. These artistic elements reveal the talent of Egyptian craftsmen and the richness of the materials used for the decoration of the temple.
The importance of the Temple of Mentuhotep II
The temple of Mentuhotep II is an exceptional testimony to the evolution of Egyptian architecture and art during the Middle Kingdom. It offers valuable insight into the religious beliefs, funerary practices, and artistic and architectural innovations of the time. As such, the temple is an invaluable resource for Egyptologists and historians studying this crucial period in Egyptian history.
Average temperatures and climate
Month | (° C) | (° F) | Weather | Climate |
---|---|---|---|---|
January | 15 | 59 | ☀️ | Sec |
February | 17 | 63 | ☀️ | Sec |
Mars | 22 | 72 | ☀️ | Sec |
April | 28 | 82 | ☀️ | Sec |
May | 33 | 91 | ☀️ | Sec |
June | 36 | 97 | ☀️ | Sec |
July | 37 | 99 | ☀️ | Sec |
August | 37 | 99 | ☀️ | Sec |
September | 34 | 93 | ☀️ | Sec |
October | 30 | 86 | ☀️ | Sec |
November | 24 | 75 | ☀️ | Sec |
December | 18 | 64 | ☀️ | Sec |
Schedules and info
Opening hours: 6:00 a.m. to 17:00 p.m. (may vary depending on the season)
Entrance fee: 100 EGP
Average price of a guide: 250 to 350 EGP
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