Ramses XI was the last pharaoh of the XXe dynasty and the time of New Empire. His reign marked a period of transition for ancient Egypt, with economic and political difficulties. This text will delve into the details of his life and reign, as well as the legacy he left behind.
II. Historical context
La XXe dynasty, which lasted about two centuries, was marked by a series of weak kings and internal problems. During the reign of Ramses XI, royal power was in decline, and the country was plagued by internal conflicts and economic problems.
III. The reign of Ramesses XI
Ramses XI ascended the throne around 1099 BC. Although the details of his rise to power are hazy, it is believed that he succeeded his father, Ramesses X. At this time, the pharaoh's authority was in decline, and senior officials wielded considerable power.
During the reign of Ramesses XI, Egypt was effectively split in two. The north of the country was under the control of Smendes, a powerful official who ruled from Tanis, while the south was ruled by Herihor, another influential figure who resided in Thebes. The two men had reached an agreement to maintain some stability, but this also led to the weakening of royal power.
Ramses XI had to face major economic problems during his reign. Egypt's wealth had been greatly depleted due to military expenditures and monumental construction work undertaken by previous pharaohs. In addition, crop failures and social unrest contributed to the deterioration of the economy.
Despite the difficulties he faced, Ramesses XI achieved certain achievements during his reign. He commissioned several construction and restoration works, notably the Temple of Karnak and the temple ofAmun in Luxor. Additionally, some records show that Ramesses XI organized several trade and military expeditions to maintain Egyptian influence in the region.
The end of the reign and the legacy of Ramesses XI
The reign of Ramesses XI ended around 1077 BC. After his death, Egypt was plunged into a period of chaos and decline. This marked the end of New Empire and the start of the Third Intermediate Period.
VI. Restructuring and political changes
The end of the reign of Ramesses XI marked a turning point in the history of ancient Egypt. The Third Intermediate Period saw the fragmentation of centralized power and the rise of different local dynasties. This period of disorder eventually led to the reunification of Egypt under the XNUMXst Dynasty, with the city of Tanis emerging as a new political center.
📋 LIST OF EGYPTIAN SOVEREIGNS 📋
Hotepsekhemwey / Sneferka / Nebra / ninetjer / Senedj / Noubnefer / Horus Ba / Peribsen / Sekhemib / Khasekhemwy / Neferkasokar / | |||
Djoser / Sanakht / Sekhemkhet / Spoon / Huni | |||
Sekhemre-Khutaouy Amenemhat-/Sobekhotep I/Sekhemkare Amenemhat-Senbef/Sekhemkare Amenemhat V/Ameny-Qemaou/Hotepibre Qémaou-Sa-Hornejhéritef/Ioufeni/Séânkhibrê Amény-Antef-Amenemhat (or Amenemhat VI)/Semenkarê Nebnoun/Sehotepibrê Sousekhtaouy | |||
Sekhaenre Yakbim/Nebuuserre Yaammou/Khauserre Qareh | |||
Semqen/Aper-Anat/Sakir-Har/Khyan/Apophis I/Apophis II?/Khamoudy | |||
/Sekhemre-Sementaouy Djehouty/Sekhemre-Sousertaouy Sobekhotep VIII | |||
Twenty-first dynasty | |||
Twenty-second dynasty | |||
Twenty-third dynasty | |||
Twenty-fourth dynasty | |||
1st Persian Dynasty | |||
Thirty-first dynasty (Achaemenid) | 2nd Persian Dynasty | ||